Loops in Python

All programming languages need ways of doing similar things many times, this is called iteration.

For Loops

For loops allows us to iterate over elements of a sequence, it is often used when you have a piece of code which you want to repeat “n” number of time.

It works like this:

for x in list :

    do this..

    do this..

Example of a for loop

Let’s say that you have a list of browsers like below. That reads, for every element that we assign the variable browser, in the list browsers, print out the variable browser

browsers = ["Safari", "Firefox", "Google Chrome", "Opera", "IE"]
for browser in browsers:
    print browser

Another example of a for loop

Just to get a bit more practice on for loops, see the following examples:

numbers = [1,10,20,30,40,50]
sum = 0
for number in numbers:
    sum = sum + number
print sum

Loop through words

Here we use the for loop to loop through the word computer

word = "computer"
for letter in word:
    print letter

Using the range function

We can also use the built-in function “range” to generate a list containing numbers that we specify inside the range.

The given end point is never part of the generated list;

range(10) generates a list of 10 values, the legal indices for items of a sequence of length 10.

It is possible to let the range start at another number, or to specify a different increment (even negative;

Sometimes this is called the ‘step’):

Range Usage

# You can use range() wherever you would use a list.

Example 1

for number in range(0,5): 
    print number

Example 2

>>> range(1,10)
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

Example 3

a = range(1, 10) 
for i in a: 
    print i

Example 4

for a in range(21,-1,-2):
   print a,

#output>> 21 19 17 15 13 11 9 7 5 3 1

While Loop

The while loop tells the computer to do something as long as the condition is met It’s construct consists of a block of code and a condition.

Between while and the colon, there is a value that first is True but will later be False.

The condition is evaluated, and if the condition is true, the code within the block is executed.

As long as the statement is True , the rest of the code will run.

The code that will be run has to be in the indented block.

It works like this: ” while this is true, do this “

Example of a While Loop

The example below reads like this: as long as the value of the variable i is less than the length of the list (browsers), print out the variable name.

browsers = ["Safari", "Firefox", "Google Chrome", "Opera", "IE"]
i = 0
while i < len(browsers):
    print browsers[i]
    i = i + 1

Another example of While Loops

The script below, first sets the variable counter to 0.

For every time the while loop runs, the value of the counter is increased by 2. The while loop will run as long as the variable counter is less or equal with 100.

counter = 0
while counter <= 100:
    print counter
    counter = counter + 2

Count with While Loops

This small script will count from 0 to 9. The i = i + 1 adds 1 to the i value for every time it runs.

i = 0
while i < 10:
    print i
    i = i + 1

Eternal Loops

Be careful to not make an eternal loop, which is when the loop continues until you press Ctrl+C. Make sure that your while condition will return false at some point.

This loop means that the while loop will always be True and will forever print Hello World.

while True:
    print "Hello World"

Nested Loops

In some script you may want to use nested loops.

A nested loop is a loop inside a loop.

It’s when you have a piece of code you want to run x number of times, then code within that code which you want to run y number of times

In Python, these are heavily used whenever someone has a list of lists – an iterable object within an iterable object.

for x in range(1, 11):
    for y in range(1, 11):
        print '%d * %d = %d' % (x, y, x*y)

Breaking out of Loops

To break out from a loop, you can use the keyword “break”. Break stops the execution of the loop, independent of the test. The break statement can be used in both while and for loops.

Break Example

This will ask the user for an input. The while loop ends when the user types “stop”.

while True:
    reply = raw_input('Enter text, [type "stop" to quit]: ')
    print reply.lower()
    if reply == 'stop':
        break

Another Break Example

Let’s see one more example on how to use the break statement in a while loop

while True:
  num=raw_input("enter number:")
  print num
  if num=='20':
      break

Let’s an example on how to use the break statement in a for loop

for i in range(1,10):
    if i == 3:
        break
    print i

Continue

The continue statement is used to tell Python to skip the rest of the statements in the current loop block and to continue to the next iteration of the loop.

The continue statement rejects all the remaining statements in the current iteration of the loop and moves the control back to the top of the loop.

The continue statement can be used in both while and for loops.

for i in range(1,10):
    if i == 3:
        continue
    print i

Continue Example

This example is taken from

#!/usr/bin/python

for letter in 'Python':     # First Example
   if letter == 'h':
       continue
   print 'Current Letter :', letter

var = 10                    # Second Example
while var > 0:              
   var = var -1
   if var == 5:
       continue
       print 'Current variable value :', var
   print "Good bye!"

Output

The above output will produce the following result:

Current Letter : P
Current Letter : y
Current Letter : t
Current Letter : o
Current Letter : n
Current variable value : 10
Current variable value : 9
Current variable value : 8
Current variable value : 7
Current variable value : 6
Current variable value : 4
Current variable value : 3
Current variable value : 2
Current variable value : 1
Good bye!

Pass

The pass statement does nothing. It can be used when a statement is required syntactically but the program requires no action.

>>> while True:
    ...       pass # Busy-wait for keyboard interrupt
    ...

Also Read: Python Interview Questions on Decision Making and Loops