Python Programming - If Statement

Python Programming – If Statement

You can learn about Control Statements in Python Programs with Outputs helped you to understand the language better. Python Programming – If Statement The statement if tests a particular condition. Whenever that condition evaluates to true, an action or a set of actions is executed. Otherwise, the actions are ignored. The syntactic form of the if statement is as follows: if (expression): statement The expression must be enclosed within parentheses. If it evaluates to a non-zero value, the condition is considered as true, and the statement following it is executed. For example, if(marks>=40) : print(“Pass”) if (num < 0): print(“Number is negative.”) if ch==”: print(“You entered space.”) Python Programming – Conditional and Iterative Statements Python Programming – Conditional Statements Python Programming – Logical/Boolean Operators Simple Program Demo of if Statement. In the program, shown in Figure 5.4, a credit card limit is tested for a certain purchase. The value of the variable amount is accepted from the keyboard; then it is verified using the if statement. When the condition is true (i.e., the “amount” is less than or equal to 1000), the message “Your charge is accepted” is displayed. If the condition is false, the program displays a message “The amount exceeds…

Python Programming - Membership Operators

Python Programming – Membership Operators

You can learn about Operators in Python Programs with Outputs helped you to understand the language better. Python Programming – Membership Operators Python has membership operators, which test for membership in a sequence, such as strings, lists, or tuples. There are two membership operators explained below: in Operator Evaluates to true if it finds a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise. For example, x in y; here, in results in a 1 if x is a member of sequence y. not in Operator Evaluates to true if it does not find a variable in the specified sequence and false otherwise. For example, x not in y. Here not in results in a 1 if x is not a member of sequence y. Python Programming – Identity Operators Python Programming – Logical/Boolean Operators Python Programming – Standard Data Types Example 17. Boolean test to find whether a value is inside a con-tainer or not: >>> t = [1, 2, 4, 5] >>> 3 in t False >>> 4 in t True >>> 4 not in t False For strings, tests for substrings: >>> a = ‘abode’ >>> ‘c’ in a True >>> ‘cd’ in a True Example 18. Demo of working…

Python Programming - Bitwise Operators

Python Programming – Bitwise Operators

You can learn about Operators in Python Programs with Outputs helped you to understand the language better. Python Programming – Bitwise Operators A bit is the smallest possible unit of data storage, and it can have only one of the two values : 0 and 1. Bitwise operator works on bits and performs the bit-by-bit operation, instead of whole. Table 4.4 shows the bitwise operators and their meaning. Table 4.4 Bitwise Operators and their Meaning Bitwise operator Meaning >> Right hand << Left hand & AND I OR ∧ XOR ˜ One’s complement Python Programming – Operators And Their Precedence and Associativity Python Programming – Operators Python Programming – Expressions In some other languages, A is used for exponentiation, but in Python, it is a bitwise operator called xor. In order to understand the bitwise operators, let us first consider the SHIFT operators. There are two types of shift operators that shift the bits in an integer variable by a specified number of positions. The ‘»’ operator shifts bits to the right, and the ‘«’ operator shifts bits to the left. Right Shift Operator ‘>>’ The right shift operator (>>) shifts the bits of the number to the right by the number…

Python Programming - Assignment (Augmented) Operators

Python Programming – Assignment (Augmented) Operators

You can learn about Operators in Python Programs with Outputs helped you to understand the language better. Python Programming – Assignment (Augmented) Operators Assignment operators are used to assigning values to the variables. They combine the effect of arithmetic and assignment operator. Augmented assignments can make your code more compact, concise, and Python language offers special shorthand operators that combine assignments with each of the arithmetic operations to simplify the coding. The operators are given in Table 4.3. The equivalences are shown in Figure 4.12. Operator Symbol Form Operation Assign = a = b put the value of b into a add-assign += a += b put the value of a + b into a subtract-assign -= a -= b put the value of a-b into a multiply-assign *_ a * = b put the value of a*b into a divide-assign / = a / = b put the value of a/b into a remainder-assign %= a %= b put the value of a % b into a Python Programming – Operators Python Programming – Logical/Boolean Operators Python Programming – Relational/Conditional Operators Example 14. Demo of the assignment operator. # Demo of assignment operator a = 2 b = 10 c =…

Python Programming - Operators And Their Precedence and Associativity

Python Programming – Operators And Their Precedence and Associativity

You can learn about Operators in Python Programs with Outputs helped you to understand the language better. Python Programming – Operators And Their Precedence and Associativity All operators have two important properties called precedence and associativity. Both properties affect how operands are attached to operators. Precedence means the order in which two different kinds of operators should be applied in an expression. Associativity means the order in which the two operators with the same precedence should be applied in an expression. Note: When more than one operator appears in an expression, the order of evaluation depends on the rules of precedence. To understand how precedence works, consider the expression: 2 + 3 *4 Should it be interpreted as (2+3) *4 (that is, 20), or rather is 2+(3 *4) (that is, 14) the correct interpretation? num3=int(input(“Enter number 3:”)) sum = numl + num2 + num3 print(“Three numbers are :” , numl, num2, num3) print(“Sum is , sum) As in normal arithmetic, multiplication and division in Python have equal importance and are performed before addition and subtraction. You can say multiplication and division have precedence over addition and subtraction. In the following expression: 2+3 *4 the multiplication is performed before addition since multiplication has…

Python Programming - LogicalBoolean Operators

Python Programming – Logical/Boolean Operators

You can learn about Operators in Python Programs with Outputs helped you to understand the language better. Python Programming – Logical/Boolean Operators Logical operators are also called Boolean operators. It combines the results of one or more expressions, and these are called logical expressions. After test¬ing the conditions, they return logical status True or False. Python tests an expression with and or operators from left to right and returns, the last value tested. There are three logical operators: and, or, and not. and The and-operator evaluates to True if both the expressions are true; False if either or both operands evaluate to False. For example, x > 0 and x < 10 is true only if x is greater than 0 and less than 10. or The or operator evaluates to True if either of operands evaluates to true; False if both operands evaluate to False. For example, n%2 == 0 or n%3 == 0 is true if either of the expression is true, that is, if the number is divisible by 2 or 3. Python Programming – Arithmetic Operators Python Programming – Expressions Python Programming – Operators not The not operator is used to reverse the logical state of its expression.…

Python Programming - RelationalConditional Operators

Python Programming – Relational/Conditional Operators

You can learn about Operators in Python Programs with Outputs helped you to understand the language better. Python Programming – Relational/Conditional Operators Relational Operators are used to comparing values. They are used to test the relation between two val¬ues and then return a boolean value either True or False. All Python relational operators are binary operators and hence, require two operands. A rela¬tional expression is made up of two arithmetic expressions connected by a relational operator. Comparison operators produce a Boolean result (type bool, either True or False). When a Boolean expression is evaluated, it produces a value of either true (the condition holds) or false (it does not hold). Conditions may compare either numbers or strings. If you compare strings, you get results based on alphabetical order. Python Programming – Operators Python Programming – Expressions Quick Tip: Using Python’s Comparison Operators | Chaining Comparison Operators in Python Operator Symbol Form Result greater than > a > b True if a is greater than b; else False less than < a < b True if a is less than b; else False greater than or equal to >= a >=b True if a is greater than or equal to b; else False…

Python Programming – Conditional and Iterative Statements

Python Programming – Conditional and Iterative Statements

You can learn about Control Statements in Python Programs with Outputs helped you to understand the language better. Python Programming – Conditional and Iterative Statements Control statements define the direction of flow according to which execution of a program should take place. Statements that are executed one after the other or the statements that are executed sequentially are the normal flow-of-control statements in a program. Normally, the Python program begins with the first statement and is executed till the end (Sequence construct). [See Figure 5.1.] Control statements also implement decisions and repetitions in programs. Python Programming – Conditional Statements Python Programming – Flowcharts for Sequential, Decision-Based and Iterative Processing Introduction to Python Programming – Interpreter Construct Control statements are of the following two types: Conditional branching or statement Looping or iteration In Conditional branching, a program decides whether or not to execute the next statement(s), based on the resultant value of the current expression. For example, go to IInd year if you pass Ist year exams, else repeat Ist year (See Figure 5.2). In Looping, a program executes a set of instructions repeatedly till the given condition is true. Looping, for example, adds 1 to the number x till the current…

Python Programming – Standard Data Types

Python Programming – Standard Data Types

You can learn about Introduction to Python Programming Programs with Outputs helped you to understand the language better. Python Programming – Standard Data Types The data stored in memory can be of many types. For example, a person’s age is stored as a numeric value, and his or her address is stored as alphanu¬meric characters. Python is known as a dynamically typed language, which means that you do not have to explicitly identify the data type when you ini¬tialize a variable. Python knows, based on the value it has been given, that it should allocate memory for a string, integer, or float. It has various standard types that are used to define the operations possible on them and the storage method for each of them. It has different data types such as Number, String, List, Tuple, and Dictionary. Note that everything is an object in Python programming; data types are actually classes and variables are instances (objects) of these classes like most other languages. Python Programming – Variable Python Programming – Technical Strength Of Python Python Programming – Literals Number Number data types store numeric values. They are immutable (value of its object cannot be changed) data types, which means that changing…